Ethical Aspects of Marketing - 1455 Words

Ethical Aspects of Marketing Developing a Business Plan August 4, 2009 Ethical Aspects of Marketing Executive Summary This report outlines the social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing. Environmentally Responsible Products Consumers have become more aware of the impact of both production and consumption on the wider environment in recent years. This is acutely apparent in the way products are now packaged. During recent years many companies have assisted in doing their part for the environment by changing their packaging to make it more environmentally responsible. An example of this is McDonalds Family Restaurant phasing out polystyrene burger containers with recyclable paper. McDonalds’ management discovered the potential†¦show more content†¦This case established that the manufacturer of a product has a â€Å"duty of care† to the final consumer, even though they may never come in direct contact with each other. An example of this is HarbourJet Jet-boat Cruises – providing jet boat cruises around the Sydney Harbour. While all care is taken that passengers of the boat are not injured, if an injury occurs it is the customer’s problem unless the driver has been negligent (eg by exceeding speed limits or dangerous driving). When customers buy their tickets one of the contract conditions is that no legal action is to be taken unless there has been an element of negligence on the part of the company. Legislation has been passed in New South Wales in the form of the Sale of Goods Act 1923. Another statute law which governs what suppliers of products can and cannot do is the federal Trade Practices Act 1974, both of which have been extensively amended since first enacted. The law deals with a range of issues in how marketers deal with consumers:  · Deceptive and misleading advertising  · Implied conditions and warranties  · Price Discrimination  · Resale price maintenance Deceptive and Misleading Advertising Part V of the Trade Practices Act deals with consumer protection. â€Å"A corporation shall not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead orShow MoreRelatedMarketing Across Culture Success or Dilemma1130 Words   |  5 PagesTable of contents Marketing across culture: 3 Reasons of this dilemma 3 Proposed solution: 5 Pluralism: 6 Cultural analysis before marketing: 6 Change management strategy: 7 Marketing across culture: Marketing across culture is one of the biggest issues which multinational companies have been confronting nowadays. Since marketing is an important factor for the propagation of a particular product or company, marketing plan should also be effective simultaneously. Every organizationRead MoreTechniques For New Product Development1314 Words   |  6 Pagestechnique involve implementation of marketing plan and strategy on sample or in little population before conducting full marketing plan on the population (Fuller, 2016). In simple, Tommy Hilfiger can market some samples of its clothing line products to the sample population and then analyse the results. 2. Experimentation: This technique consists of reaction of customers. It notes customers reaction for marketing a product more effectively by amending existing marketing as per customers reaction (KahnRead MoreThe Ethics Of An Ethical Code1367 Words   |  6 PagesAn ethical code is a set of morals that a person or group determines to assist their own selves when it comes to decision-making. An ethical code is something that is pretty stable and should not vary based on the context of the situation. Some people form ethical codes that they follow on a micro level, such as only buying American made products from the grocery store, or they could be on a grander scale, such as how a CEO would lead a company. Most successful marketers have a similar ethical codeRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. The enormous popularity of the internet in the past decade has opened doors for marketers in a manner that one could not have imagined twenty years ago. Marketers utilize the internet for the purpose of advertising products in a great way than otherRead MoreBook Report On Ethical Decision Making830 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Hamed Alanazi Book Report Ethical decision-making 10th edition â€Æ' Ethics The book I chose is â€Å"Business ethics: Ethical decision-making† 10th edition is written by O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell. It was published by Cengage Learning in 2014. This book consists of almost 340 pages and five parts. According to Amazon this book is among top seller. Something extraordinary about this book is that, this book highlight several cases related to the business ethics that help the readerRead MoreUnit 1 Individual Project Mkt640 – a Managerial Approach to Marketing1444 Words   |  6 PagesManagerial Approach to Marketing November 11, 2012 Abstract This paper reflects challenges brought on by starting up a new product, the effectiveness and efficiency of technology when marketing, and the battle of legal and ethical complication. Given are examples of different situation of each topic to demonstrate how each take place when starting a new product or service. The Marketing Scenario Introduction When bringing a new product or service together there are certain aspects to be consideredRead MoreThe Driving Force Behind A Company s Financial Success Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagescompany’s ability to market itself. Marketing goes beyond selling of a product. It involves â€Å"building strong brands and a loyal customer base intangible asset that contributes to the value of a firm† (Kotler Keller, 2012). The American Marketing Association, defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is an activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers† (Kotler Keller, 2012). Since marketing plays such a vital role inRead MoreEthical Issues With Ethical Marketing Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Ethical Marketing Ethical problems in marketing starts with conflicts and disagreements. Each party in the marketing transaction brings expectations of how the business relationship will exist and how the transaction should be conducted. Some ethical problems in marketing research aren’t always the invasion of privacy and stereotyping. Selective marketing is used to discourage the demand from undesirable markets or just by disenfranchising them altogether. Examples of unethical marketRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognizedRead MoreMarketing Ethics Into The Marketing Process1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Marketing Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Ethical marketing is about making marketing decisions that are morally right. The ethics of the marketing decision can incorporate any part of marketing including sourcing of raw materials, staff employment and product advertising and pricing. Sound marketing ethics are usually those that result in consumer satisfaction, with no negative effect, with the goods and services being recognized

The Legal Nature Of The Advertisement Made By Arkwright

Introduction: It is important to consider the legal nature of the advertisement made by Arkwright s, i.e. invitation to treat versus a unilateral offer. ( ) I believe that the offer is unilateral as it refers to the world at large as it includes more specific terms than an invitation to treat such as a time frame and a specific course of action that is to be fulfilled in order to receive the Supertech tablet ( ). The case for Mandy: On face value, it seems as though Mandy could not have collected a Supertech tablet due to her ineligibility. This is because the advertisement clearly stated that you are entitled to the tablet â€Å"when you spend more than  £600 on any of our merchandise in one visit†. Instead, Mandy paid in two instalments of  £375 even though she left Arkwright’s store with over  £600 worth of merchandise. But upon further speculation, it is not exactly clear how the offer to pay in two instalments arose. It is mentioned that â€Å"Arthur was keen not to lose a sale† and this suggests that he induced Mandy to pay in instalments. If this is the case, then Arthur may also have suggested that Mandy is still entitled to a tablet. Consequently, Arthur or any other employee at Arkwright’s would have notified Mandy of her entitlement to the Supertech tablet, which they failed to do. On the contrary, Mandy could have made a counter offer to pay in instalments as this explains Arthur’s willingness to pursue the sale. If this is the case, then Mandy would have been in a similarShow MoreRelatedInternational Financial Accounting155754 Words   |  624 PagesThe context and purpose of financial reporting 10457 www.ebooks2000.blogspot.com 1 114 2 www.ebooks2000.blogspot.com Introduction to accounting Topic list 1 The purpose of financial reporting 2 Types of business entity 3 Nature, principles and scope of financial reporting 4 Users and stakeholders needs 5 The main elements of financial reports Syllabus reference A1(a) A1(b) – (d) A1(e) A2(a) A3(a) – (b) 12457 Introduction We will begin by looking at the aim of

Kite Runner Movie vs. Book - 1161 Words

Translating a book into a movie can be a very elusive task for many reasons. This is due to the fact that a book has many key points in it and compressing them all into a certain time frame can be very arduous. Mark Forster’s adaptation of Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is a rather weak portrayal of what the author had originally wrote because of its bad casting choices, very significant and harmful cuts to the novel and scenes added throughout the film. Although the director’s intention to recreate a very touching story into a movie was a great idea, the author could have given more attention to some crucial and important aspects of the novel. In the book, the characters had distinguishable traits which may have hinted to†¦show more content†¦As in all movies that are based on a book, the movie developers chose to add some scenes to the movie that were not from the original story. These additions were most likely aimed to substitute for the scenes removed, however this, once again, took away from the important details that really made the book what it is. On Hassan’s birthday, he was not given surgery to remove the harelip from his face; instead, Baba took him to a special kite shop and let him choose any kite that he wanted. The decision to replace the surgery with a present failed to show Baba’s appreciation for his ‘secret’ son. Although the love for kite running is clearly shown, David Benioff’s decision to have Hassan explain the concept of kite running to Amir was very unrealistic. This event goes against Hassan’s characteristics of being less intelligent and superior than Amir, and creates an allusion that Hassan had superiority and he knew more than Amir about flying kites. Hassan’s loyalty to Amir, and Amir’s superiority is shown in the quote, â€Å"Sometimes, up in those trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbour’s one-eyed German shepherd. Hassan never wanted to, but if I asked, really asked, he wouldnt deny me. Hassan never denied me anything,† page 4. The day Hassan and Ali decided to leave because of Amir’s betrayal was a very sad moment in the book. Khaled Hosseini described the setting as a very dark day,Show MoreRelatedSurvival Guide : The Great Gatsby, And Death Of A Salesman1796 Words   |  8 PagesChristine Powroznik English Final Exam: Survival Guide Pursuit of Happyness, Dead Poet’s Society, The Great Gatsby, Death of a Salesman 1) The American Dream The Great Gatsby: The American dream is a chance to start a new life in a new setting. In this book, Gatsby’s American dream was Daisy. Once he met her, he devoted his life to pleasing her: he bought the mansion across the bay from her, had extravagant parties, etc. He always held onto his hope, or the green light, that he would win her back. EverythingRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technologyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSuzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One

Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy - 1295 Words

The belief in a higher power – an omniscient, omnipotent God – can be traced back for centuries, millennia even. Over the years, many great thinkers have struggled to either defend or discredit this belief, a belief that has managed to spread to every corner of the globe. One such thinker is Renà © Descartes. In his Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes attempts to provide logical reasoning to support the existence of God, both asserting his own claims and defending them against possible objections. A prevalent argument against the existence of God is the simple fact that we, as human beings, are not perfect. As a race, we make mistakes every day; students get questions wrong on tests, and confused drivers make left turns when they should have gone right. Those skeptical of God’s existence feel that if we were, in fact, made by a perfect, all-powerful God - and presumably in his image - we would not be imperfectly made, and therefore we would not make mista kes. Descartes, in my opinion, successfully counters this argument, explaining that we only make errors when we misuse the faculties given to us by God himself; therefore, we are not imperfectly made. (Descartes, 59) In this paper, I will attempt to detail the relationship between free will and knowledge in relation to human error. In doing so, I hope to show that our errors in judgment are not imperfections in our creation, and therefore do not discredit a perfect God. First, I will attempt to show that we, asShow MoreRelatedDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesFirst published in Latin in 1641, Renà © Descartes philosophical study, entitled Meditations On First Philosophy, poses a question that continues to be both continously relevant, and hotly debated, in the field of philosophy. One of Descartes main queries in his meditations is as follows; how can we be fully assured that we know anything at all? Descarets theorises that, whilst not all knowledge may provide probable doubt, we can never be fully certain that there is no room for doubt, and if we cannotRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy894 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes opens Meditations on First Philosophy by telling us that in order to purify our knowledge from falsehood we must become radical skeptics, and question everything we know as we clear our minds from what we believe to be true. Descartes soon realizes that this is a major problem. Because if he is doubtful of everything, there is nothing to be known as true and he would have no foundation to build his thoughts off of. Pondering this, he came to realize that he himself must be real becauseRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy986 Words   |  4 Pagesinwards, or as Renà © Descartes would call it, meditation. These ‘meditations’ are moments of reflection, time spent with o ne’s thoughts, and time to figure out where one is placed within the world. During one of these meditations, Descartes creates the phrase, â€Å"cogito ergo sum†, I think, therefore I am, in his monumental book, Principles of Philosophy, though it was written in another form earlier, â€Å"ego sum, ego existo†, I am, I exist, in his book Meditations on First Philosophy. This phrase, put soRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy917 Words   |  4 PagesIn Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes introduces the dualistic idea of a sharp split between mind and body. This mind-body split is a Western secular idea and discounts many important aspects of the human experience. Descartes argues that, â€Å"†¦a body, by its very nature, is always divisible. On the other hand, the mind is utterly indivisible† (Descartes, 56). This idea that there is a distinct difference between the mind and the body is nonsensical from both a phenomenological and a scientificRead MoreDescartes s Meditations On First Philosophy1299 Words   |  6 PagesIn the third part of his Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes makes an argument for mentally proving the existence of God. Having previously established the he exists and thinking thing, he then uses his method of clear and distinct perception, combined with a number of additional ideas he introduces in the chapter, to make his case. He produces an argument with some merit in its reasoning, though it is still able to be critiqued. Descartes engages in an effort to use what he attained inRead MoreRene Descartes s Meditation On First Philosophy802 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes objective in Meditation on First Philosophy is to construct philosophy as a solid methodical study and discipline alike the sciences. To do so he must first suspend belief in all things doubtful and from their go about verifying the true concepts of the world. In meditation II he verifies that he is a thinking thing and finds that the certainty of the cogito â€Å"I think therefore I am† lies in the distinct perception of what he affirms. From this he generates a general rule of evidenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Essay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy1066 Words   |  5 Pagesis reality? Among these writers were Renà ¨ Descartes and George Berkeley, who respectively argued that everything perceived must be real due to God being unable to deceive, and that the physical world only exists in one’s mind. In my view, it is not certain that the physical world is real, but one should act as if it is. Renà ¨ Descartes, in Meditations on First Philosophy, wrote each section after successive â€Å"meditations.† In Descartes’s first meditation, he claims it is unable to be proven whetherRead MoreMachiavelli s The Prince And Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy2245 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosophers Machiavelli’s The Prince and Descartes’s Meditations on First Philosophy were revolutionary in terms of setting knowledge on new foundations. In the literary work The Prince Machiavelli details the guidelines that leaders should adhere to in order to maintain stability in their controlled lands by accurately summarizing the nature of humans as being ungrateful, vain, and selfish individuals. While Descartes in his work Meditations on First Philosophy ventures on a journey to decipher the relationshipRead MoreDescartes’ Cogito Argument Successfully Shows the Evil Demon Argument is Unsound888 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Descartes’ Cogito a rgument successfully show that the Evil Demon Argument is unsound? In this essay I will attempt to show that the philosopher, Renà ¨ Descartes’ Cogito Argument successfully proves the Evil Demon Argument to be unsound. By an analysis of the structure of the arguments and what they prove, I will show the evil demon argument to be unsound. An argument is unsound when the premises as false and the argument is invalid. This analysis of both structure and content will eventuate

Evolution of Intelligence - 1228 Words

â€Å"All intelligent thoughts have already been thought† but when were these first intelligent thoughts thought? Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. But intelligence has evolved from the past. The innovation of fire furthered to the light bulb, as the hut became the skyscraper. This topic is worthy to investigate because modern humans have advanced so greatly, but how exactly had our genius evolved and where did our intelligence start. How are the intelligence of early humans different from that of modern humans, and what inferences can be made from this data? What is intelligence exactly? Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills or â€Å"the ability to learn and understand things to†¦show more content†¦This was about 35,000 years ago. Previous hominins were musically unintelligible. The modern-day composers, musicians, and singers with tubas, bagpipes, and xylophones have evolved from these Neandertha ls with the instruments of body parts. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence is the ability to â€Å"calculate, quantify, consider propositions and hypotheses, and carry out complete mathematical operations† (Gardener 1). Symbolic deductive and inductive thinking patterns are the result of this. Tallies of the Lebombo Bone portray the use of the oldest mathematical instrument of existence, found in 35,000 B.C.E. at the age of the Neanderthals. For counting the Neanderthals had 29 markings upon this baboon bone. A later Ishango Bone was found in 20,000 B.C.E. This shows that the complex algorithms solved today started from the counting upon bones in Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens. Existential intelligence, such as philosophies of why we are here and meaning of life, has only appeared within the era of modern Homo sapiens (Gardener 1). This has occurred since our brain has developed beyond the rest and is able to comprehend the past was different than now. There is no evidenc e of past hominins having the ability to reflect upon the past for we cannot excavate their thoughts. Interpersonal Intelligence is the ability to interact with others and comprehend ideas effectively (Gardener 1). This communication with others had occurredShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution of Primate Intelligence1715 Words   |  7 Pagesand their integration into complex social systems. Another trend in primate evolution has been toward a more elaborate brain. In addition to brain size and gestation periods, social organization also demonstrates and plays an important role in primate evolution due to its complexity and hierarchy. Brains size does matter The larger the size of the brain the more intelligence the species, and throughout primate evolution size of primate brain has grown in size. Most mammals display some asymmetryRead MoreHuman Perception And The Evolution Of Intelligence1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling I felt towards self-awareness The questions of sentient perception have plagued man since the dawn of his very own intelligence. Homo Sapiens are a consciousness species, that means humans have an awareness of oneself and the external objects in the world that surround them. Humans perception of the world around them had rapidly changed with the evolution of intelligence. People were now capable of theorizing the external objects that surrounded them like the cosmos that is littered with starsRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Leadership Evolution With Team2770 Words   |  12 PagesLiteracy CETM11 SEM 1 Assignment 2 Topic: Emotional intelligence and leadership evolution with Team. Name: Binal Chauhan Student Number: 149034375 Program: MSc Network system Module Leader: DR. Humphries Lynne Submission Date: 12 Jan 2015 Emotional intelligence and leadership evolution with team. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been proposed as underpinning various practicesRead MoreEducation, Communication, And Evolution Of Human Intelligence Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWith the improved living conditions, healthcare, communication, and evolution of human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. For example, as a result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in different parts of the world through telehealth/telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to visit libraries to access books; there are several soft copies of books online that they can access fromRead MoreThe Evolution Of Competing Secret Intelligence Agencies1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe evolution of competing secret intelligence agencies only began to occur during world war one when developing technologies meant gathering information on the enemy was entering new phases of complexity. The need for in formation became an increasingly more desperate pursuit as new devastating weapons were created which could inflict widespread and catastrophic damage, escalating from chemical weapons, to nuclear warheads. But as the 20th century proved conflicts became increasingly focused on theRead MoreCharles Darwin and Human Evolution in Intelligence Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesagree that the theory of evolution is as much theory as is the theory of gravity. Even today some scholars and scientists argue and debate on the theory of evolution. However, evolution is the required force holding all the biological research. Firstly, evolution has been observed and the idea of analogous structure. Secondly, the idea of homologous structures; and the difference between analogous and homologous structures. And lastly, the obvious, general human intelligence has evolved. SomeRead MoreEvolution Of Primate Intelligence For Example Gestation Period, Social Organization And Mating Process905 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar yet so different at the same time. They give us an idea of how our ancestors may have evolved and where do we begin to separate in our lineage and how far back do we go. They are many different elements that helped shape the evolution of primate intelligence for example gestation period, social organization and mating process. So what exactly is that makes it so different from our primate cousins? Our brain and the size of it! Our brain is more developed than our primate cousins, but howRead MoreComputer Evolution Evidenced in the essays Toward An Intelligence Beyond Man’s by Robert Jastrow and The AI Revolution Is On by Steven Levy660 Words   |  3 Pages In the essay Toward An Intelligence Beyond Man’s by Robert Jastrow, the author showed his view on computer intelligence and predicted that computer intelligence will b e a new kind of evolution. Jastrow stateed that computer nowadays is as intelligent as human brain; they can communicate with human, learn from experience, and raise logical questions. The more complex the computer, the better they imitate human. He predicted that computer will as important as life in future years. Then, JastrowRead MoreHistory Of Intelligence During The United States1137 Words   |  5 Pages History of Intelligence in the United States The history of intelligence in the United States resulted from the Cold War period and also provided intelligence support to the United States military which helped develop policies and procedures of the United States toward other countries. The development of intelligence in the United States has ultimately provided higher security for our citizens. President George Washington took command over the Continental Army in 1775; he had agents devise secreteRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution1373 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this essay is not to prove â€Å"Darwinian† evolution, as the writer would be performing a feat already done by others, but to examine a certain track of thought amongst Creation proponents. Specifically their noting certain improbabilities of evolutions ability to â€Å"design.† Ill evade defining the individual concepts because theyve all been described before, and far better than I could manage, although Ill point out that micro/macro evolution distinction is largely Creationist lingo, as is

Netflix Case Study & Management Style

Questions: 1. How did Hastings change his use of communications in sending and receiving messages from Pure Software to Netflix?2. How did Hastings change his use of feedback from Pure Software to Netflix?3. How did Hastings change his use of coaching guidelines from Pure Software to Netflix?4. Which conflict management style did Hastings tend to use at Pure and Netflix?5. In making a deal with Epix, which conflict management style was most likely used by Netflix?6. How would you improve Netflixs product offerings (i.e., what things cant you watch that you would like to watch) or processes (i.e., how can it improve its delivery or service)?7. Which level or levels of analysis and leadership paradigm are presented in this case, and did Hastings use the management or leadership paradigm?8. How did Hastings Big Five model of personality leadership traits change from Pure Software to Netflix?9. Which University of Iowa leadership styles did Hastings use at Pure Software and Netflix?10 Explain how p ower, organizational politics, networking, and negotiation are, or are not, discussed in the case? Answers: Executive Summary In a competitive environment, leadership is one such attribute which defines the personality of a person, and to a large extent drives the overall future of an organization. Leadership often defines the way an organization functions and organizational strategy is made. Case study on Netflix clearly underlines this fact through example of Reed Hastings-CEO, Netflix. Hence, through analysis of this case study, various aspects related to leadership will be discussed and how his leadership style can be mapped with existing leadership styles. Introduction Leadership is one of the most sought after attribute in an individual in present time. However irony is that not every individual has leadership traits. Due to this reason, there have been several organisations which either fail to grow or climb the ladder of success and growth just because of their leadership (Doughty, 2013). Purpose of this report is to understand the concept of leadership and governance through case study of Netflixs CEO Reed Hastings. This report will also elaborate various aspects related to leadership as a personal attribute, and how it can impact the organisation in future. 1. Based on the case study of Netflix, it can be clearly derived that during Pure Software not only Reed Hastings followed an autocratic style of leadership, but his communication was also not employee friendly (Licata et al, 2014), Which meant, that he was not appreciative of new suggestions from other employees. Even though his autocratic behaviour was not verbal in nature, but his body language did reflect his behaviour of being strict, and non-receptive to new suggestions (Keller, 2011). At Pure, Hastings was primarily just sending messages to get things done his way. But at Netflix, he changed to being much more receptive to receiving messages by listening to others. He is also more honest and direct with employees, and this is conveyed through communications.Overall, his communication in Pure software was dominating, and one sided. On other hand in Netflix he completely transformed his way of communication, and was receptive to suggestions from others, and didnt criticize it if he found the suggestions totally out of place, in fact he focused more on being employee friendly by listening and discussing their inputs, such scenario clearly reflects the change in the way Reed Hastings transformed his communication style. From being assertive, he became more receptive in nature and the entire flow of communication was bi-directional in nature, which means that he not only instructed his employees, but was equally open to their inputs and suggestions. Reed Hastings in Netflix focused more on employee friendly environment which impacted his communication as well as leadership style. Such situations are always beneficial for employees and organisations growth as it fosters an environment of mutual respect and camaraderie. 2. In Pure Software, Hastings approach was more in-the face of employees, and there was hardly any acceptance of suggestions. Even though it is not mentioned explicitly in the case study, but it can be clearly assumed that work environment in Pure Software must have been negative and full of anxiety due to leadership and communication style (Lussier Achua, 2012). Such organizations might function smoothly on surface and perform well; however in long run it becomes difficult for such organisations to face problems such as attrition etc. In case of Hastings tenure in Pure Software it can be clearly seen that he never appreciated any out-of-box or unconventional ideas and always shot it down, behaviour like this might impact the employee motivation. However, hasting himself realised the shortcoming of his approach and took it as a feedback for his new venture in form of Netflix. Essentially, he went from not using feedback to using it. At Pure, Hastings was not open to feedback (Dess e t al, 2006). He couldnt take criticism. At Netflix he used to actively seek out ideas and advice from his employeesfeedback. Also, instead of putting others down for ideas that seem silly to Hastings, he asked questions to dig deeper for more information and to see if that idea was of any benefit to organisation. It can be said, that for an effective leader, one of the most important attribute is the ability to accept his shortcoming, and rectify it quickly. In case of Hasting same was the case as he used the feedback from Pure Software effectively to improve his relationship with employees of Netflix and created an employee friendly environment. 3. Hastings completely transformed his coaching guidelines from Pure Software to Netflix. Hasting initially founded Pure Software and followed an autocratic style of leadership. In autocratic style of leadership, the coaching guidelines are not follower friendly. Hence the coach is generally pushing his thoughts and ideas on his follower making the entire communication unidirectional. Similar was the case with Hastings. He not only pushed his idea on to his employees of Pure Software, but also embarrassed them, if by any chance they came up with certain unconventional or silly idea. Such kind of coaching environment mainly restricts the scope of innovation and hinders growth of a friendly environment where both employee as well as owner of the organisations are equally participative in the process of coaching. However, after Hastings sold Pure Software and founded Netflix he clearly realised this gap in the way he coached his employee (Rothaermel, 2013). That is why, in the case stud y also it is mentioned, that his heart was not actually in continuing Pure Software. After realisation of the gaps, he made his coaching style more follower friendly where there was a two way communication and followers (employees) were also allowed to come up with new ideas, and if an idea didnt have any outcome then Hasting instead of reprimanding that employee, asked the possible solution, which is a commendable leadership attribute (Shadraconis, 2013). Overall, it can be said that Hasting, focused on making his coaching guideline more towards a mentor-mentee format, rather than leader-follower style. This helps the organisation in a major way, as employee feel more connected with its leadership and contribute more towards the organisational growth. 4. According to Thomas, K.W., and R.H. Kilmann there are five conflict management styles. These styles are accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing and compromising. Based on the case study it can be clearly seen that Hastings used avoiding style of conflict management. When avoiding type of conflict management strategy is applied, then the person simply avoids the issue, however it is important to know that by doing this he doesnt helps the other party to reach its goal. Thus, in Pure Software, Hastings simply avoided the suggestions or issues rose by his employees and didnt pay much attention to others opinion. Issue with this strategy is that it is not beneficial from long term perspective, as it can lead to ignorance of some critical issue which might appear to be trivial initially. In Netflix however, Hastings realized the shortcomings of his approach, due to which he transformed his conflict management style from avoidance towards collaboration. This style promotes a win-win scenario where both parties involved in any particular issue or argument look towards a solution which might be beneficial for both the sides. Similarly, Hastings in Netflix stopped embarrassing people for giving any random suggestions, instead he sat with them and discussed about a possible way to achieve the suggested method. Such collaboration helps the employees by boosting their confidence (Jeyakumar, 2014). Hence it can be said that being participative at Netflix implies a more negotiating or collaborating conflict style. 5. Epix is mainly a three-studio venture formed by top three studios of Hollywood namely Paramount, Lions Gate and MGM. Considering the fact that every year these three studios movies which do a business of billions of dollars across the world, it is easy to understand that in such deal Epix had an upper hand on Netflix, as it is Netflix which needs Epix more than other way around. In such scenario, it becomes obvious that out of five types of conflict management style, Netflix must have opted for accommodating style. This is the style when one party cooperates to a high degree, and at times at its own expense. Important point to understand is that this style is applicable in a scenario when any one of the party is either expert or has a better solution. In case of Epix deal, it can be clearly seen that Epix had an advantage, as it had the content which Netflix can use for its customer, and due to important of this association, this type of conflict management style becomes even more relevant, as it helps in preserving the future association among both parties (Puccio et al, 2010). Hence based on case study, it can be concluded that accommodating type of conflict management style was used by Netflix in case of deal with Epix. 7. In terms of services and product, Netflix is already offering host of services from DVD delivery via mail, to streaming of content through internet (Latham Piccolo, 2013). Currently Netflixs streaming services are extremely popular. However, there is still scope of improvisation in this service. For example, in order to avail streaming services one has to be connected through the internet. In future Netflix can further create innovation in this service by introducing a new concept of time based recording (Buckingham, 2012). Hence, as part of this service, if user streams a movie of online TV show then he can have the option to download it simultaneously. Important point in these new services will be its pricing. Streaming in current form can remain as it is, however in case if user wants to download it, then he might have to pay extra cost, almost equivalent to cost of DVD or Blue-Ray disc. In coming future, trends are clearly indicating that internet based streaming and storing content in digital format is the future. Which means more and more people will move away from physical devices such as DVD etc. towards use of internet to consume digital content. In such circumstances, it becomes logical for Netflix to find an alternative for its DVD line of business as well; this will help it in safeguarding its future business strategy. 8. There are several levels of analysis and leadership paradigm, which are presented in this case. This can be understood by example of Pure Software itself. Initially Hastings founded Pure Software and followed an autocratic style of leadership, due to which his behavior towards his employees was very unfriendly. During his stint as CEO Pure Software, Hastings didnt welcome suggestions or inputs from his employees, and rather ridiculed their efforts. This autocratic leadership paradigm is not beneficial for employees of an organization, as they might feel demotivated. When Hastings sold Pure Software and initiated Netflix as a new venture, then he realized that the management approach he adopted in Pure was rather hierarchical in nature and had potential of creating lots of conflict and unrest within organization. He himself didnt like the kind of work environment he created (Bird Wang, 2011). That is why in Netflix is started with an exactly opposite approach of leadership or management and that as democratic in nature. Hence unlike being an autocratic leader where leader tell his employees what to do and closely supervises them, in Netflix Hastings encouraged participation of employees in decisions, and worked in close association with them. Thus it can be said that Hastings intentionally shifted from autocratic to democratic style of management which not helped him as a leader, but also helped the new organization to grow rapidly (Evens, 2013). 9. According to Big Five model of personality, following are the attributes which are represented by below diagram. Figure 1: The Big Five Model of Personality Based on the Big Five Model, it can be clearly interpreted that there were subtle changes in traits in leadership attributes of Hastings from Pure Software to Netflix. In Pure Software Hastings had Surgency (dominance) as the major leadership trait, due to which he always closely supervised and monitored his employees, and hardly accepted any suggestions from them (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). For urgency, Hastings level of dominance decreased as he went from an autocratic style at Pure to using a participative style at Netflix. For agreeableness, he became more sociable and sensitive (not putting employees down) as he improved his emotional intelligence at Netflix. For adjustment, Hastings was more stable as he had more patience in dealing with ideas that he thought were silly (Lsted, 2012). For conscientiousness, he used more integrity as he was more honest and direct with employees at Netflix. For openness, Hastings was more flexible in seeking feedback at Netflix. 10. As per University of IOWA leadership styles, Hastings was an autocratic leader in Pure Software. Hence as an autocratic leader, Hastings had a complete control on his employees, and micro-managed all their activities. He also never welcomed their suggestions and feedback, and often ridiculed them. This kind of leadership style is not recommended in present organizational environment. Today in an era of tough competition, retention of skilled and valuable employee resources is extremely critical for an organization, but leadership styles like being autocratic is a big hurdle for organization. That is why it is never suggested in present scenario for a leader to follow an autocratic style of leadership (Mayson, 2012). However, Hastings followed democratic style of leadership in Netflix, which was a complete change from Pure Software. Democratic style of leadership was more focused on participation of employees and avoided close monitoring of their activities. In a way it can be said that this style of leadership promotes an environment of harmony and collaboration, and also leads to a relatively flat organizational structure. Depending on the size of organization this leadership style can be applied. It is important to understand that such kind of leadership styles is generally more successful in smaller organization. That is why Netflix was able to successfully take advantage of this style of leadership 11. With context to case study, it can be said that power is surely discussed as at Pure, Hastings used his position power and coercive power with pressure tactics to get things done his way. But at Netflix, he changed to give more power to employees by using more personal power through participation in leadership with their tactics. Although Netflix does have organizational politics and Hastings is an effective networker, the case didnt discuss these topics (DuBrin, 2013). In making a deal with Epic, and future deals to add more programming content, negotiation must take place. Also, there is no mention of organizational politics and networking in the case study, as the case study majorly focused on the aspect of Hastings leadership styles, his transformation from one particular style to another, and how he was able to innovate and foresee upcoming future changes in the industry he was active in (Wombwell et al, 2011). In a way it can be said that the case study is focused on analys is of facts which contributed to success of Netflix and Hastings leadership in general. Conclusion Based on the case study, and analysis of various aspects, it can be clearly seen that how leadership style plays a major role in success (or failure) of an organization. Even though it is not necessary that a tough leadership style like being autocratic might negatively impact the organization, but it can surely impact the long term prospect of the organization (Acar, 2012). Hastings transformation between two different leadership styles indicates that good leaders are flexible in nature, and are capable of understanding and resolving their shortcomings. References Doughty, M. 2013. Strategic Management and Organizational Culture: How Netflix Survived Disaster. Licata, B., Lowry, E., Tallan, T. 2014. Leadership Analysis of the Streaming Video Industry. Keller, M. 2011.Netflix: a strategic analysis(Doctoral dissertation). Lussier, R., Achua, C. 2012.Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Cengage Learning. Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., Eisner, A. B. 2006.Strategic management: text and cases. Richard d Irwin. Rothaermel, F. T. 2013.Strategic Management: Concepts. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Shadraconis, S. 2013. Organizational Leadership in Times of Uncertainty: Is Transformational Leadership the Answer?.LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University,2(1), 28. Jeyakumar, N. 2014. Netflix-Loyal Customer Base. The leadership pipeline: How to build the leadership powered company. Puccio, G. J., Mance, M., Murdock, M. C. 2010.Creative leadership: Skills that drive change. Sage Publications. Buckingham, M. 2012. Leadership Development in the Age of the Algorithm.Harvard business review,90(6), 86-92. Evens, T. 2013. Platform leadership in online broadcasting markets. In Handbook of Social Media Management(pp. 477-491). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lsted, M. A. 2012.Netflix: The Company and Its Founders EBook. ABDO. Mayson, H. 2012. Institute of Leadership Management-The eureka club: Creating innovative structures.Innovation. DuBrin, A. J. 2013.Principles of leadership. South-Western Cengage Learning. Wombwell, E., Murray, C., Davis, S. J., Palmer, K., Nayar, M., Konkol, J. 2011. Leadership journal club.American journal of health-system pharmacy: AJHP: official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists,68(21), 2026-2027. Acar, A. Z. 2012. Organizational culture, leadership styles and organizational commitment in Turkish logistics industry.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, 217-226. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). 2013.Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Bird, J. J., Wang, C. 2011. Authentic leadership and budget-building: Superintendents reveal origins, strategies, and connections.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,15(3), 143-160. Latham, G. P., Piccolo, R. F. 2013. Introduction to the Special Issue of the Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(1), 5-6.

Experiences with racism and prejudice free essay sample

Within this essay I will talk about my personal experiences with racial discrimination, as well as prejudice. Prejudice is an attitude that Judges due to ones social ties with a specific group (pg. 176). Every day life for my family, my husband and two children, can change at the grasp of a pocketbook or the grimace of a face. You may wonder, why? Well my family is interracial. My husband is Black, Irish, and Puerto Rican and I am Cuban and Irish. This has caused multiple types of prejudices. Until recently I would have never guessed that the cause of these beliefs could be explained sociologically. Being brought up by parents whom lives parallel that of Tony and Maria, the two main characters of West Side Story. (see LM 4 video) The idea of racism was never instilled in me. An Irish man and a Cuban woman in the 1950s stirred up Just as much controversy and hatred, as my husband and I do today. In my family we lived as if we were colorblind, we were oblivious to any color and treated everyone as quals. This belief in equality shielded me from the racial prejudice that I experienced during my adolescence. I feel a bit silly now to think of how naive I was to the fact that these issues still burned on today. As a New Yorker, we generally live in a culturally diverse society (pg. 34). Race has not been seen as a component of our socialization (pg. 49). That is our parents do not tend to spend a lot of time discussing the matter. Racism when I grew up was not part of our culture (pg. 30). I assumed, incorrectly, that racism and discrimination were traits limited to the southern states (pg. 176). My first experience with prejudice happened while shopping in Target. My husband and I often frequented this Target, however, this day would be very different. We were accosted by an elderly white woman who berated us with questions like, Do you know what you are doing to this country? Do you know what they are doing to our people? And, Hell be in Jail or dead. You will be divorced. He is a deadbeat and a drug attic. How could someone pre-Judge another human being before they have even heard him or her speak? She was stereotyping my husband. (pg. 178) Eventually the disrespect hit a nerve. I told her that she would have a tough time living in this world because we (interracial couples) are growing in number and soon it will no longer be our people, but the worlds people. (see figure 8. 4 pg. 191) She was not too fond of that. It seemed that in her eyes I had stepped down in status, by failing to adhere to the conformity of the social norms of her group (pg. 30 pg. 81-82). Thinking back on the matter now, I believe, that she had fallen victim to the ideas of group hate. She Justified ner hate by using the idea that we were to blame tor the economy, a scapegoat of sorts (pg. 177). Coming out of that interaction allowed me to see life without my rose colored glasses. What if I were to follow Charles Cooleys looking-glass theory, and Judge myself based on her reaction to us? (Pg. 52) Would I then have to change my life style? Obviously, this woman was raised in a house where it was the norm to discriminate due to physical markers. Her socialization must have included these behaviors, leading her to then practice them until they became her social and cultural identity (pg. 49). I wish I could say that was the one and only incident where we have encountered discrimination, but it is not (pg. 76). Five years and one child later, my husband and I had brought our son to the park. When we arrived there was a group of children playing in the sand and naturally my son went over to play with them. Immediately two moms came over and grabbed their children. NO, NO, NO, we dont play with kids like that. Kids like that? How could you be so cruel to a child? Her children were then segregated from my son to the other side of the playground. Needless to say I was utterly floored that someone could treat my child this way. To avoid lowering myself to her perception of s, I expressed my disgust in her behavior by telling her that because our children were present this would not turn out to be the fght it should be. How in 2011 have we not assimilated into one group? (pg. 83) Globalization has now affected almost everyone in our nation by giving immediate access to the knowledge necessary to put out the flames of hate (pg. 154-155). This was the single most eye opening experience of my life. I finally understood how racism is still prevalent in todays society. It is an ignorant idea that is taught and continues in a vicious circle. (See figure 8. 1 pg. 178) Racial distinctions are social onstructs, not biological givens. (See Power Point LM 4- Slide 5) If this is true then why are we still employing our children to see race as a biological characteristic? In the two aforementioned instances both parties decided that I was white enough to constitute one race and my husband was black enough to constitute another, not seeing the truth, that we were both not of one pure race. I was asked a question; do I think that the two groups (Black White Americans) will ever get over the idea of social stratification? No not we if we instill the idea in our children from birth to hate omeone due to color, sexual preference, religion or social status? Our police still stereotype and perform institutional racism, for example the profiling of young black Americans. You can see the stratification in every aspect of society. In the Jails, schools, mass media and certainly our government. How can we break the cycle of ignorance if our children bear witness to the daily onslaught of bigotry? The ideas of multiculturalism allow opportunities for our children to embrace all walks of life. With that being said I am hopeful that we will one day get to a point that there will no onger be violent outbursts.